Allergic sensitization pattern of patients in Brazil

Abstract Objective Allergic sensitization is one of the key components for the development of allergies. Polysensitization seems to be related to the persistence and severity of allergic diseases. Furthermore, allergic sensitization has a predictive role in the development of allergies. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern of sensitization of atopic patients treated at different pediatric allergy referral centers in Brazil. Methods A nation-wide transversal multicenter study collected data on patients attended in Brazil. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of allergen-specific IgE. If allergen-specific IgE was higher than 0.1 kUA/L, the following specific components were quantified. Results A total of 470 individuals were enrolled in the study. Mite sensitization was the most frequent kind in all participants. A high frequency of sensitization to furry animals and grasses featured in the respiratory allergies. Regarding components, there was a predominance of sensitization to Der p 1 and Der p 2. It has been verified that having a food allergy, atopic dermatitis, or multimorbidity are risk factors for the development of more severe allergic disease. Conclusion Studies on the pattern of allergic sensitization to a specific population offer tools for the more effectual prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases. Sensitization to dust mites house was the most prevalent in the evaluated sample. High rates of sensitization to furry animals also stand out. Patients with food allergy, atopic dermatitis, or multimorbidity appear to be at greater risk for developing more severe allergic diseases.

Alergia a sulfas / Sulfonamide allergy

Objetivo: o Grupo de Estudos de Alergia a Drogas da ASBAI visa apresentar um plano operacional de estratégia alergológica prática, que auxilie o médico no Brasil, a manejar adequadamente o paciente alérgico a sulfas, em conformidade com as atuais diretrizes da literatura médica internacional, estabelecendo assim parâmetros eficazes de conduta terapêutica. Uma visão abrangente das alternativas disponíveis é buscada através da análise crítica da razão risco/benefício. Métodos: É feita a revisão da literatura sobre o tema. O diagnóstico de alergia a sulfas é baseado principalmente na obtenção da história clínica detalhada e na avaliação das lesões cutâneas observadas. A gravidade destas reações adversas deverá ser estabelecida e os tratamentos alternativos considerados. Não há até o presente momento testes diagnósticos in vivo e in vitro padronizados. A dessensibilização cautelosa é uma possibilidade terapêutica em casos selecionados. Resultados: As reações alérgicas associadas à administração das sulfas ocorrem em 29-65% dos pacientes com HIV-AIDS, quando comparadas a 2-4% em outros pacientes. As erupções não urticariformes e as reações de hipersensibilidade cutânea como a síndrome de Stevens-Johnson são atribuídas aos metabólitos oxidativos das sulfas, denominados de hidroxilaminas. As citocinas também podem participar na imunopatogênese das reações de hipersensibilidade a sulfas. Cerca de 90% dos pacientes com alergia a sulfas antibióticas (sulfonilarilaminas) não apresentam reações a sulfonamidas que não tenham ação antibiótica (desprovidas de arilaminas)...

Objective: The goal of the ASBAI Drug Allergy Study Grou is to present a practical allergy working plan to help physiciar in Srazil manage patients allergic to sulfonamides according t the international medical literature. Therapeutical appropriat and objective parameters are therefore established. Oifferer approaches are discussed through a risk/benefit ratio visiono Methods: The diagnosis of sulfonamide allergy is most based on a detailed clinical history and on the commonly see skin lesions. The severity of these reactions should be assesse and alternative treatments be considered. There are no dia, nostic tests both in vivo and in vitro. Careful desensitization a possible therapeutical approach in selected cases. Results: Allergic reactions to sulfonamides occur in 29-65C of the HIV-AIDS patients compared to 2-4% in other p atie nt: Rashes and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome could be provoke by oxidative metabolites of sulfonamides called hidroxilarnine: Cytokines might also have a role in the immune pathogenes of the hypersensitivity reactions to sulfonamides. About 90% ( patients allergic to antimicrobial sulfonamides (sulfonylarylam nes) do not have cross reactivity with other sulfonamides wit! out the antibiotic activity (nonarylamines). Conclusions: Once the diagnosis of sulfonamide allergy established another treatment modality should be contemple ted. ln the case of prophylaxis and treatment of opportunist infections in HIV-AIDS patients, such as those caused by Pnei: mocystis carinii and Toxoplasma gondi, desensitization protc cols in these patients, always in a hospital, should be carrie out with the direct supervision of a trained allergist.